Babban kayan da ake amfani da su wajen kera injinan shine zanen ƙarfe na silicon. A halin yanzu, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sune 470, 600 da 800 a cikin zanen da aka yi wa sanyi, daga cikinsu ana amfani da zanen gado 470 da 600 a cikin injinan da ke da inganci sosai.
1. Ƙarancin asara.
Asarar tsakiya a wani mita da ƙarfin shigar da maganadisu babban alama ne na zanen ƙarfe na lantarki. Asarar tsakiya ta ƙunshi sassa biyu: asarar hysteresis da asarar eddy current. Asarar hysteresis ita ce yawan amfani da makamashi da magnetization na tsakiya ke haifarwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da abun da ke ciki da girman hatsi, kuma ana iya wakilta shi ta hanyar yankin madauki na hysteresis. Asarar Eddy current ita ce asarar juriya da eddy current ke haifarwa yayin magnetization na tsakiya, wanda ke da alaƙa da juriya da kauri na kayan. Saboda haka, don rage asarar tsakiya, zanen ƙarfe na lantarki suna da ƙaramin kauri da juriya mafi girma.
2. Babban ƙarfin maganadisu.
Yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfin maganadisu ya ƙaru, haka nan za a iya rage yankin giciye na da'irar maganadisu lokacin da kwararar ta kasance ba ta canzawa, wanda hakan ke adana jan ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi a cikin naɗewar motsawa da kuma rage girman motar.
3. Kyakkyawan kayan laminating.
Faranti na ƙarfe na lantarki ya kamata su kasance da tauri mai dacewa, ba mai rauni ko laushi ba. Ya kamata saman ya zama santsi, lebur, kuma kauri iri ɗaya (tare da buƙatar sarrafa bambancin faranti), wanda ke taimakawa wajen huda mold da inganta ma'aunin tarawa. Ana iya amfani da irin wannan mold ɗin don faranti na ƙarfe masu sanyi, kuma tsawon aikinsa na iya ƙaruwa sosai idan aka kwatanta da faranti na ƙarfe masu zafi. Wasu faranti na ƙarfe masu sanyi da aka yi birgima da suttura marasa tsari ko na halitta na iya ƙara yawan bugun bugun kowane wucewa na mold da kusan sau goma bayan niƙa sau ɗaya. ● Ƙaramin farashi da sauƙin amfani. Baya ga buƙatun da ke sama, wasu injina galibi suna da buƙatu mafi girma don kayan aikin maganadisu. Misali, ƙananan gazawar maganadisu da ƙaramin faɗaɗa maganadisu. Waɗannan buƙatu sun bambanta kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da su sosai.
● Takardar ƙarfe ta silicon
Karfe mai ƙarfe mai ɗauke da silicon, wanda aka naɗe shi zuwa siririn zanen gado. Gabaɗaya ana kiransa da takardar ƙarfe ta silicon. Dangane da tsarin ƙera shi, ana rarraba shi zuwa takardar ƙarfe mai zafi da aka naɗe (wanda aka cire shi gaba ɗaya) da takardar ƙarfe mai sanyi da aka naɗe. Za a iya ƙara raba takardar ƙarfe ta silicon mai sanyi zuwa nau'ikan da aka naɗe da waɗanda ba a naɗe ba. A halin yanzu, galibi ana samar da zanen ƙarfe ta silicon a cikin nau'in zanen gado. Don inganta halayen maganadisu na zanen ƙarfe ta silicon da rage ƙarfin yanke shi, zanen ƙarfe na silicon na cikin gida an yi masa maganin annealing a cikin injin niƙa.
●Ba a saka takardar ƙarfe ta silicon ba
Tsarin motar yana amfani da zanen ƙarfe na silicon maimakon faranti na ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon da ƙarfe mai tsabta. Wannan babban ci gaba ne a tarihi. Takardun ƙarfe na silicon masu ƙarancin asara sun inganta aikin motar kuma sun rage girmanta. Yanzu, maimakon amfani da zanen ƙarfe na silicon, ana amfani da zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarancin silicon (wanda kuma aka sani da sandunan ƙarfe na lantarki mai ƙarancin carbon ko sandunan ƙarfe na lantarki mai tsabta) don yin tsakiya na ƙananan injina saboda zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarancin silicon da aka samar ta zamani ya bambanta da ainihin farantin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon. Ba wai kawai suna da ƙarfin induction mai ƙarfi ba amma kuma suna da asarar ƙarfe kamar na zanen ƙarfe na silicon. Ƙananan injinan AC da aka tsara kuma aka ƙera su da zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarancin silicon na iya ƙara rage girman, rage nauyi, da rage farashi. Bugu da ƙari, saboda zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarancin silicon suna da laushi, suna iya ƙara saurin hudawa da tsawaita tsawon rayuwar ƙira. Yanzu, zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarancin silicon ana amfani da shi sosai azaman kayan asali ga ƙananan injina a ƙasashen waje. A cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu, amfaninsu ya kai kusan kashi 50-60% na jimlar fitowar zanen ƙarfe na lantarki.
A halin yanzu, akwai yanayi biyu inda masana'antar mota ke amfani da zanen ƙarfe marasa silicon. Na farko shine zanen ƙarfe marasa silicon bayan an yi birgima a cikin sanyi ana huda shi kai tsaye zuwa zanen gado, sannan ana yin maganin huda a masana'antar mota; na biyu kuma shine zanen ƙarfe masu annealed da injin ƙarfe ya samar ana huda su kuma ana amfani da su kai tsaye ta masana'antar mota. zanen ƙarfe marasa silicon kayan aiki ne masu yawan maganadisu, kuma ƙarfin shigar da maganadisu da asararsu suna da matuƙar tasiri ga damuwa ta injiniya. Saboda haka, bayan huda da kuma kafin amfani, kawar da huda damuwa muhimmin ma'auni ne don inganta aikin maganadisu. Maganin zafi na zanen ƙarfe marasa silicon yana buƙatar kayan aikin maganin zafi na musamman, amma yawancin masana'antun motoci a ƙasarmu ba su da irin waɗannan yanayi tukuna. Wannan matsala ce da ke buƙatar a warware ta yayin amfani da zanen ƙarfe marasa silicon.
● Yawan silicon da kuma sinadarin silicon na datti suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci kan aikin zanen ƙarfe na silicon. Bayan ƙara silicon a cikin ƙarfe, juriyar ta ƙaru, kuma tana taimakawa wajen raba sinadarin carbon mai cutarwa. Gabaɗaya, idan aka ƙara ƙarfe mai tsabta da silicon, ƙarfin haɗakar maganadisu yana raguwa kaɗan, amma asarar ƙarfe yana raguwa sosai. Yayin da yawan silicon ke ƙaruwa, tauri da karyewar sa suna ƙaruwa, wanda ke kawo wahalhalu ga birgima, tambari, yankewa, da sarrafa injina. A halin yanzu, yawan silicon da ke cikin zanen ƙarfe na silicon gabaɗaya bai wuce kashi 4.5% ba. Idan yawan silicon ya fi yawa, yana da wuya a yi birgima da sarrafawa.
●Kauri.Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa asarar wutar lantarki ta eddy a cikin tsakiyar ƙarfe ya yi daidai da murabba'in kauri na takardar ƙarfe, ga irin wannan takardar ƙarfe ta silicon, ƙanƙantar kauri, ƙarancin asarar zuciyar ƙarfe, amma lokacin ƙera tsakiyar ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa kuma ƙimar tarawar ta ragu. Gabaɗaya, injina suna amfani da zanen ƙarfe na silicon mai kauri na milimita 0.5, kuma lokacin da buƙatun asarar zuciyar ƙarfe na manyan injinan samar da tururi suka yi tsauri sosai, ana amfani da zanen ƙarfe na silicon mai kauri milimita 0.35.
●Damuwa.A lokacin da ake yin yanke, tara, ko murɗe tsakiyar ƙarfe, damuwa za ta taso, wanda hakan ke ɓata aikin maganadisu kuma yana ƙara asarar ƙarfe. A cikin kewayon kimanin milimita 1 a ɓangarorin biyu na layin yanke (karyewa), ana samar da yankin damuwa na baƙin ƙarfe da ake iya gani. Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da maganin rage damuwa don kawar da damuwa da kuma dawo da aikin maganadisu na asali; aikin maganadisu na zanen ƙarfe na silicon mai aiki mai ƙarfi ya fi saurin damuwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-04-2026