Babban bambanci tsakanin injin da wutar lantarki ke amfani da shi ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki mai juyawa da kuma injin da wutar lantarki ke amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki mai juyawa ita ce, a gefe guda, yana aiki a cikin kewayon mita mai faɗi daga ƙarancin mita zuwa babban mita, kuma a gefe guda, yanayin wutar lantarki ba shi da sinusoidal. Ta hanyar nazarin jerin Fourier na yanayin wutar lantarki, yanayin wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi fiye da harmonics 2N ban da ɓangaren raƙuman ruwa na asali (wave control wave) (adadin raƙuman daidaitawa da ke cikin kowane rabin raƙuman sarrafawa shine N). Lokacin da mai canza wutar lantarki na SPWM ya fitar da wuta kuma ya shafa shi ga motar, yanayin wutar lantarki da ke kan motar zai bayyana a matsayin raƙuman ruwa tare da harmonics da aka haɗa. Wutar lantarki mai jituwa za ta samar da ɓangaren kwararar maganadisu mai bugawa a cikin da'irar maganadisu na motar asynchronous, kuma ɓangaren kwararar maganadisu mai bugawa yana haɗuwa akan babban kwararar maganadisu, don haka babban kwararar maganadisu ya ƙunshi ɓangaren kwararar maganadisu mai bugawa. Bangaren kwararar maganadisu mai bugawa shima yana sa da'irar maganadisu ta cika, wanda ke da tasirin da ke gaba akan aikin motar:
1. Ana samar da kwararar maganadisu mai motsawa
Asarar da ke ƙaruwa kuma inganci yana raguwa. Saboda fitowar wutar lantarki mai canzawa tana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na harmonics masu girma, waɗannan harmonics za su samar da amfani da jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe daidai, wanda ke rage ingancin aiki. Ko da fasahar SPWM sinusoidal pulse wide, wadda ake amfani da ita sosai a yanzu, tana hana ƙarancin harmonics kawai kuma tana rage ƙarfin bugun motar, don haka tana faɗaɗa kewayon aiki mai ɗorewa na motar a ƙaramin gudu. Kuma mafi girman harmonics ba wai kawai sun ragu ba, har ma sun ƙaru. Gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da wutar lantarki mai mitar sine, ingancin ya ragu da kashi 1% zuwa 3%, kuma ƙarfin ya ragu da kashi 4% zuwa 10%, don haka asarar harmonic na motar a ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki mai juyawar mita babbar matsala ce.
b) Haifar da girgizar lantarki da hayaniya. Saboda kasancewar jerin haɗakar na'urori masu ƙarfi, za a samar da girgizar lantarki da hayaniya. Yadda ake rage girgiza da hayaniya ya riga ya zama matsala ga injinan da ke amfani da raƙuman sine. Ga injin da inverter ke amfani da shi, matsalar ta fi rikitarwa saboda yanayin wutar lantarki mara sinusoidal.
c) Ƙarfin bugun ƙwallo mai ƙarancin mita yana faruwa a ƙaramin gudu. Ƙarfin magnetomotive na Harmonic da kuma haɗawar harmonic current na rotor, wanda ke haifar da ƙarfin harmonic electromagnetic akai-akai da kuma ƙarfin harmonic electromagnetic, ƙarfin harmonic electromagnetic mai canzawa zai sa bugun motar ya yi ƙarfi, don haka yana shafar aikin kwanciyar hankali na ƙarancin gudu. Ko da an yi amfani da yanayin daidaitawa na SPWM, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin sine na mitar wutar lantarki, har yanzu za a sami wani matakin harmonic mai ƙarancin mita, wanda zai samar da ƙarfin bugun ƙwallo a ƙaramin gudu kuma yana shafar aikin motar a ƙaramin gudu.
2. Samar da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin lantarki na axial (current) zuwa rufi
a) Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana faruwa. Lokacin da injin ke aiki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi sau da yawa yana haɗuwa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake samarwa lokacin da aka canza abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar canza mita, kuma wani lokacin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana da yawa, wanda ke haifar da maimaita girgizar wutar lantarki ga na'urar da lalacewar rufin.
b) Samar da ƙarfin lantarki na axial da kuma wutar lantarki ta axial. Samar da ƙarfin lantarki na shaft ya samo asali ne daga kasancewar rashin daidaiton da'irar maganadisu da kuma yanayin shigar da wutar lantarki ta electrostatic, wanda ba shi da tsanani a cikin injinan yau da kullun, amma ya fi bayyana a cikin injinan da wutar lantarki mai canzawa ke amfani da su. Idan ƙarfin lantarki na shaft ya yi yawa, yanayin man shafawa na fim ɗin mai tsakanin shaft da bearing zai lalace, kuma rayuwar aikin bearing ɗin za ta gajarta.
c) Rage zafi yana shafar tasirin wargaza zafi lokacin da yake gudana a ƙaramin gudu. Saboda babban kewayon daidaita saurin injin mita mai canzawa, sau da yawa yana gudana a ƙaramin gudu a ƙaramin mita. A wannan lokacin, saboda saurin yana da ƙasa sosai, iskar sanyaya da hanyar sanyaya fanka da injin yau da kullun ke amfani da ita ba ta isa ba, kuma tasirin wargaza zafi yana raguwa, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da sanyaya fanka mai zaman kansa.
Tasirin injina yana da saurin amsawa, gabaɗaya, kowace na'ura ta injiniya za ta samar da wani abu mai kama da amsawa. Duk da haka, injin yana aiki a mitar wutar lantarki da sauri akai-akai ya kamata ya guji amsawa tare da mitar wutar lantarki ta 50Hz. Lokacin da aka sarrafa injin tare da juyawar mita, mitar aiki tana da faɗi, kuma kowane sashi yana da nasa mitar halitta, wanda yake da sauƙin sa ta yi sauti a wani takamaiman mita.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-25-2025